Risk and (Human-induced) Climate Change9ca

The question is not whether the Earth’s climate will change in response to human activities, but when, where and by how much. Human activities are changing the Earth’s climate and further human-induced climate change is inevitable. Indeed the climate of the next few decades will be governed by past emissions. The most adverse consequences of human-induced climate change will be in developing countries and poor people within them. Climate change threatens to bring more suffering to the one billion people who already go to bed hungry every night and the approximately 2 billion people exposed to insect-borne diseases and water scarcity. Sea level rise threatens to displace tens of millions of people in deltaic areas and low-lying small island states. Climate change will undermine the ability of many poor people to escape poverty and the long-term sustainable economic development of some countries. Hence, climate change is not only an environmental issue, but a development and security issue. The challenge is to limit the magnitude and rate of human-induced climate change, and simultaneously reduce the vulnerability of socio-economic sectors, ecological systems and human health to current and projected climate variability by integrating climate concerns into local and national economic planning. Technological options for reducing greenhouse gas emissions cost-effectively over the next few decades already exist. However, the required transition to a very low carbon economy (a reduction in global emissions by at least 50% by 2050) will require a technological evolution in the production and use of energy, energy sector reform, appropriate pricing policies and behavior change, coupled with a more sustainable agricultural sector and reduced deforestation. This transition to a low-carbon economy must be achieved while improving access to affordable energy in developing countries, which is critical for economic growth and poverty alleviation, and while ensuring adequate affordable and nutritious food. The challenge is to negotiate a long-term (up to 2050) global regulatory framework that is equitable with common but differentiated responsibilities and has intermediate targets that can reduce greenhouse emissions to a level that limits the increase in global mean surface temperature to 2C above pre-industrial levels. While this goal has been widely accepted, the current rate of growth in emissions globally, coupled with a failure in Copenhagen to agree to stringent targets to reduce emissions, makes this goal extremely difficult, hence the world needs to be prepared to adapt to a 4C warmer world.
Biography

Professor Watson’s career has evolved from research scientist at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory: California Institute of Technology, to a US Federal Government program manager/director at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), to a scientific/policy advisor in the US Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP), White House, to a scientific advisor, manager and chief scientist at the World Bank, to a Chair of Environmental Sciences at the University of East Anglia, the Director for Strategic Direction for the Tyndall centre, and Chief Scientific Advisor to the UK Department of Environment, Food and Rural Affairs. In parallel to his formal positions he has chaired, co-chaired or directed international scientific, technical and economic assessments of stratospheric ozone depletion, biodiversity/ecosystems (the GBA and MA), climate change (IPCC) and agricultural S&T (IAASTD). Professor Watson’s areas of expertise include managing and coordinating national and international environmental programs, research programs and assessments; establishing science and environmental policies – specifically advising governments and civil society on the policy implications of scientific information and policy options for action; and communicating scientific, technical and economic information to policymakers. During the last twenty years he has received numerous national and international awards recognizing his contributions to science and the science-policy interface, including in 2003 – Honorary “Companion of the Order of Saint Michael and Saint George” from the United Kingdom.